Historical Map of the Duchy of Westphalia (Cologne) 1789 Karte des Herzogtums Westfalen 1789 - Kurfürstentum Köln Carte historique du duché de Westphalie (Cologne) 1789 Titre Duchesse consort de Prusse 12 février 1526 — 11 avril 1547(20 ans 11 mois et 30 jours) Dorothée de Danemark (en danois : Dorothea af Danmark) née en 1504 au château de Gottorf (duché de Schleswig) et morte le 11 avril 1547 à Königsberg (duché de Prusse), est une princesse de Danemark et de Norvège devenue duchesse consort de Prusse à la suite de son mariage. La Prusse et l'Autriche lancent donc un ultimatum le 16 janvier 1864, puis déclarent la guerre au Danemark : la seconde guerre des Duchés vient d'éclater. Après la guerre des Duchés, Holstein est intégré à la Prusse dans la province du Schleswig-Holstein en 1867. This caused a conflict between Denmark and the German states over Schleswig and Holstein, which led to the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the 19th century. This led to the First War of Schleswig. During the early Viking Age, Haithabu – Scandinavia's biggest trading centre – was located in this region, which is also the location of the interlocking fortifications known as the Danewerk or Danevirke. Sa superficie était de 9 200 km² environ. Au nord, c'est la Kongeå qui faisait frontière avec le reste du Jutland. Schleswig (ville) Husum (ville) Neumünster; Heide (Allemagne) Modèle:Duché de Holstein-Gottorp; Modèle:Country data Duché de Holstein-Gottorp; Modèle:Duché de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp; Modèle:Country data Duché de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp; Használata itt: … Even though many Danish nationalists, such as the National Liberal ideologue and agitator Orla Lehmann, used the name "Schleswig", it began to assume a clear German nationalist character in the mid 19th century – especially when included in the combined term "Schleswig-Holstein". The title of Duke of Schleswig was inherited in 1460 by the hereditary kings of Norway, who were also regularly elected kings of Denmark simultaneously, and their sons (unlike Denmark, which was not hereditary). The change created a temporary Danish majority in the region and a demand for a new referendum from the Danish population in South Schleswig and some Danish politicians, including prime minister Knud Kristensen. In 1878, however, Austria went back on this provision, and Denmark recognized in a Treaty of 1907 with Germany that, by the agreement between Austria and Prussia, the frontier between Prussia and Denmark had finally been settled.[7]. The name Southern Schleswig is now used for all of German Schleswig. This created a new cultural dividing line in the duchy because German was used for church services and teaching in the diocese of Schleswig and Danish was used in the diocese of Ribe and the archdeaconry of Haderslev. Denmark was victorious and the Prussian troops were ordered to pull out of Schleswig and Holstein following the London Protocol of 1852. La victoire de Sadowa écarte les Autrichiens de la Confédération germanique. Bien que cela n'eût alors rien à voir avec une unité territoriale, ce paragraphe fut la base du mouvement de Schleswig-Holstein du XIXe siècle, qui demandait une séparation du Danemark et l'intégration du Schleswig germanophone à la Confédération germanique. This proved to be the case and, from 1948 the Danish population began to shrink again. A central element of the German nationalistic claim was the insistence on Schleswig and Holstein being a single, indivisible entity. File:Coat of Arms of the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein.png Commonwealth of Schleswig-Holstein (Mankind Reborn Map Game) File:CV Map of Schleswig-Holstein 1991-present.png Blazon reference: Jiri Louda, Les Dynasties d'Europe, 1981, page 44: Date: 29 June 2008: Artist: Odejea. To produce this cured ham, pork meat is smoked for up to eight weeks over an open fire. This line corresponds remarkably closely with the present border. En 1863, le roi danois Frédéric VII viole le protocole de Londres en étendant la constitution du Danemark aux duchés d'Holstein et de Lauenburg et en entreprenant en mars l'annexion du Schleswig. From early medieval times, the area's significance lay in being the buffer province of Scandinavia and the Danish Realm towards the powerful Holy Roman Empire to the south, as well as being a transit area for the transfer of goods between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, connecting the trade route through Russia with the trade routes along the Rhine and the Atlantic coast (see also Kiel Canal). Les danophones demandaient, eux, le rattachement pur et simple du Schleswig et du Holstein au Danemark. En 1866, Bismarck, Premier ministre prussien, dénonçant une mauvaise gestion autrichienne dans le duché de Holstein, déclenche la guerre austro-prussienne. In the 19th century, there was a naming dispute concerning the use of Schleswig or Slesvig and Sønderjylland (Southern Jutland). The discovery came during excavations in Schleswig. [8] Thus, two referenda were held in 1920, resulting in the partition of the region. L'étendue de ce duché correspondait à la région allemande actuelle du Schleswig du Sud (districts de Nordfriesland, de Schleswig-Flensburg, une partie de celui de Rendsburg-Eckernförde et ville de Flensburg, ainsi que le comté danois de Sønderjylland). Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Prussia and Austria then assumed administration of Schleswig and Holstein respectively under the Gastein Convention of 14 August 1865. Français : Duché de Schleswig. The Treaty of Heiligen was signed in 811 between the Danish King Hemming and Charlemagne, by which the border was established at the Eider. In the period 1600 to 1800 the region experienced the growth of manorialism of the sort common in the rye-growing regions of eastern Germany. Feuds and marital alliances brought the Abel dynasty into a close connection with the German Duchy of Holstein by the 15th century. Un deuxième protocole est signé en 1852, qui accorde la succession des Duchés aux Danois, tout en garantissant l'autonomie de ceux-ci. These dual loyalties were to become a main root of the dispute between the German states and Denmark in the 19th century, when the ideas of romantic nationalism and the nation-state gained popular support. Denmark again attempted to integrate Schleswig by creating a new common constitution (the so-called November Constitution) for Denmark and Schleswig in 1863, but the German Confederation, led by Prussia and Austria, defeated the Danes in the Second War of Schleswig the following year. Les duchés de Schleswig et de Holstein sont remis respectivement à la Prusse et l'Autriche. In the 1230s, Southern Jutland (the Duchy of Slesvig) was allotted as an appanage to Abel Valdemarsen, Canute's great-grandson, a younger son of Valdemar II of Denmark. Its revival and widespread use in the 19th century therefore had a clear Danish nationalist connotation of laying a claim to the territory and objecting to the German claims. Le duché de Schleswig (allemand : Herzogtum Schleswig ; danois : Hertugdømmet Slesvig ou Sønderjylland) a existé en tant que vassal du Danemark jusqu'à la guerre des Duchés, en 1864. The latter was a fief subordinate to the Holy Roman Empire, while Schleswig remained a Danish fief. In Denmark, the National Liberal Party used the Schleswig Question as part of their agitation and demanded that the Duchy be incorporated into the Danish kingdom under the slogan "Denmark to the Eider". On the west coast, the Danish diocese of Ribe ended about 5 km (3 miles) north of the present border. The title and anomaly survived presumably because it was already co-regally held by the king's sons. This decision left substantial minorities on both sides of the new border. Northern Schleswig was, after the 1920 plebiscites, officially named the Southern Jutland districts (de sønderjyske landsdele), while Southern Schleswig then remained a part of the Prussian province, which became the German state of Schleswig-Holstein in 1946. A third branch in the condominium, the short-lived House of Haderslev, was already extinct in 1580 by the time of John the Elder. L'étendue de ce duché correspondait à la région allemande actuelle du Schleswig du Sud (districts de Nordfriesland, de Schleswig-Flensburg, une partie de celui de Rendsburg-Eckernförde et ville de Flensburg, ainsi que le comté danois de Sønderjylland). The Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Hertugdømmet Slesvig; German: Herzogtum Schleswig; Low German: Hartogdom Sleswig; North Frisian: Härtochduum Slaswik) was a duchy in Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland) covering the area between about 60 km (35 miles) north and 70 km (45 miles) south of the current border between Germany and Denmark.The territory has been divided between the two … This linguistic change created a new de facto dividing line between German and Danish speakers north of Tønder and south of Flensburg. However, tensions between the two powers culminated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. This was an anomaly[dubious – discuss] – a king holding a ducal title of which he as king was the fount and liege lord. When the National Liberals came to power in Denmark in 1848, it provoked an uprising of ethnic Germans who supported Schleswig's ties with Holstein. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. La province du Schleswig-Holstein (en allemand : Provinz Schleswig-Holstein) est une province du royaume de Prusse, puis de l'État libre de Prusse, créée en 1867 à la suite de l'annexion par la Prusse des duchés de Schleswig et du Holstein. À la mort d'Adolphe VIII en 1459, la lignée des Schauenbourg de Holstein s'éteignit ; le Schleswig et le Holstein étaient si liés qu'il fut naturel aux nobles des deux entités de se doter d'un seigneur commun. After the German conquest in 1864, the term Sønderjylland became increasingly dominant among the Danish population, even though most Danes still had no objection to the use of "Schleswig" as such (it is etymologically of Danish origin) and many of them still used it themselves in its Danish version "Slesvig". : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. À partir du XIVe siècle, une liaison plus étroite se développa avec le comté de Holstein, qui faisait partie du Saint-Empire romain germanique. The development of dairy farming and Koppelwirtschaft on manors in Schleswig-Holstein in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,", http://www.politiko.dk/nyheder/regeringen-indfoerer-midlertidig-graensekontrol-til-tyskland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Schleswig&oldid=982296277, States and territories established in 1058, Articles with Danish-language sources (da), Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with disputed statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 October 2020, at 08:36. Aquest fitxer està subjecte a la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir Igual 3.0 No adaptada. "Olsen's Map", published by the Danish cartographer Olsen[citation needed] in the 1830s, used this term, arousing a storm of protests by the duchy's German inhabitants. The Treaty of Versailles provided for plebiscites to determine the allegiance of the region. Le duché de Schleswig (allemand : Herzogtum Schleswig ; danois : Hertugdømmet Slesvig ou Sønderjylland) a existé en tant que vassal du Danemark jusqu'à la … Following the Second World War, a substantial part of the German population in Southern Schleswig changed their nationality and declared themselves as Danish. However, the nobility responded with a new agricultural system that restored prosperity. This North German ham is a specialty of the Schleswig-Holstein region. During the 10th century, there were several wars between East Francia and Denmark. However, in response to the 2016 European migrant crisis, border checks were reintroduced.[9]. [3] Towards the end of the Early Middle Ages, Schleswig formed part of the historical Lands of Denmark as Denmark unified out of a number of petty chiefdoms in the 8th to 10th centuries in the wake of Viking expansion. Coat of arms created for the Blazon Project of the French Wikipedia. An example is the founding of De Nordslesvigske Landboforeninger (The North Schleswig Farmers Association). Durant le bas Moyen Âge, ce duché était nommé Jutland-du-Sud. The manors were large holdings with the work done by feudal peasant farmers. Following the Protestant Reformation, when Latin was replaced as the medium of church service by the vernacular languages, the diocese of Schleswig was divided and an autonomous archdeaconry of Haderslev created.