Les 40 ans de la révolution en Iran. The place of her entombment developed from 869–70 into a building that was transformed over time into today's magnificent and economically important sanctuary. Les musulmans chiites croient qu'il est vi… He destroyed parts of Qom and handed over a wanted rebel to caliphal authorities under Al-Moʿtasem. Cette ville très ancienne, construite au bord de la rivière éponyme, compte plus d’un million d’habitants. The shrine of Fatimeh Masumeh, the sister of Imam Reza, is located in this city, which is considered by Shiʿa Muslims holy. Check in: Check-in time is 3:00pm.Let us know your arrival time in case you require an earlier check in. Qom, ville sainte. 70–71; Nehāyat al-erab, p. 179; Widengren, pp. [61] In January 2012 the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) announced that Iran had started producing uranium enriched up to 20% for medical purposes and that material "remains under the agency's containment and surveillance.”[62] Iranian authorities state the facility is built deep in a mountain because of repeated threats by Israel to attack such facilities, which Israel believes can be used to produce nuclear weapons. Son centre théologique (où les musulmans chiites viennent suivre les leçons de leurs maîtres : les ayatollahs) et le mausolée de Hazrat Ma'sumeh sont les caractéristiques essentielles de la capitale de la province de Qom. It is not exactly clear why they migrated, but it might have also been a general opposition to the Umayyad dynasty. Des quelques maisons louées ou acquises par l’Imam Khomeini, la dernière durant sa période de résidence à Qom située dans le quartier "Yakhchal Qazi Qom" est célèbre comme lieu de visite pour tous. In these unstable political times, Qom was visited by the vizier of Al-Moʿtazed, Obayd-Allah ibn Solayman, and two tax assessments were organized. Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists 195 sites of historical and cultural significance in Qom. Coinciding with this period, a "National Defense Committee" was set up in Tehran, and Qom turned into a political and military apex opposed to the Russian and British colonial powers. Des conflits s'ensuivirent entre les armées d'invasion arabes et les résidents de la zone. The sanctuary must have still been quite small as only two cupolas are mentioned. The revolt was led by an Ashaari named Yahya ibn Emran, maintaining that taxes should not be paid to an unlawful ruler. La configuration du site et sa taille ne sont pas selon le président américain compatible avec un usage civil[23]. [38], The first Friday mosque in Qom was built in 878–79 on the site of a fire temple, although there are also confusing reports concerning a possible earlier Friday mosque. Il existe un autre site de pèlerinage en dehors de la ville, appelé Jamkaran. En plus , c’est une ville sainte pour les musulùans alors ils la visitent certainement. Dans la mosquée où repose Fatimah Ma'sumeh, sœur du huitième Imam, morte il y a douze siècles, les gardiens de sa châsse l'aspergent d'eau de rose du matin au soir. It was caused by the refusal of the caliph Al-Ma'mun to lower the yearly tax assessment as he had done in Ray. 67–68, 71–73; Boyle, pp. Its true function is still a matter of dispute, but the contributions by Wolfram Kleiss point to a Parthian palace that served as a station on the nearby highway and was used until Sasanian times.[20]. Probably the urban structure of the Sasanian settlement of Qom can be compared with the type of city of Ctesiphon (Or. 198–207, Qomi, pp. All Categories; Metaphysics and Epistemology Probably one year later the famous Islamic mystic Ḥosayn b. Manṣur Ḥallaj stayed in Qom, where he was arrested. Elle est située le long de la rivière Qom et comptait, en 2005, 1 042 309 habitants. La ville, fondée au début du VIII e siècle par des Arabes chiites de Kufa, hostiles au califat des Sunnites, s'impose progressivement avec Rayy et Kashan comme l'un des grands pôles religieux du pays. [9][10] Since the revolution, the clerical population has risen from around 25,000 to more than 45,000 and the non-clerical population has more than tripled to about 700,000. La mosquée Fatimah al-Ma'sumah abrite les tombes de : Fatimah al-Ma‘sumah, la sœur du huitième imam chiite, Ali ar-Rida. 315, 342; Ṭusi, pp. 204, 357–58, 429–30, X, pp. This move caused more unrest and affected the balance of power in an area that was disputed between the powers of the time (Daylamites, Samanids). Qom (Persian: قم ‎ ()) is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. Fātimah bint Mūsā died while following her brother to Khorasan, a region in northern Iran. Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. Another important Shia family was that of the Daʿwidār (Persian: دعوی‌دار), whose members were judges (Arabic: قاضی) in town, which indicates the transformation of Qom from a town governed by the Sunnis to a completely Shai domain. Besides, the fact that the Ilkhanid vizier Šams-al-Din Jovayni took refuge in the Fātimah bint Mūsā sanctuary in 683/1284, indicates that the city must have experienced at least a modest comeback. 312–14; Drechsler, pp. The Ašʿaris were also the proprietors of the water rights, which were safeguarded in the water authority (divān-e āb) that regulated the water shares. With the firm establishment of Buyids control from 340/951–52 on, the political circumstances were less troubled than before, although the economic situation deteriorated. Elle devient dès le 7 ème siècle un important centre chiisme, puis après la mort en 816 de Fâtima, un lieu de pèlerinage. 220–28, Ebn al-Aṯir, X, p. 118, XII, p. 317; Abu’l-Rajāʾ Qomi, p. 262; Modarresi Ṭabāṭabāʾi, 1971, pp. On being victorious over his enemies, the Qajar Sultan Fath Ali Shah was responsible for the repairs done on the sepulchre and Holy Shrine of Hæzræt Mæ'sume, as he had made such a vow. 18, 32, 44–46, 108, 123, 125, 128, 191–241; Ebn al-Faqih, p. 209; Ebn Ḥawqal, pp. Morte et enterrée à Qom, très pieuse elle sera vénérée comme sainte, car dans l’Islam, c’est la tradition pour les femmes parentes d’un des imams duodécimains. Le chemin de Qom BENYAMIN Bernard, CHATENAY Philippe by BENYAMIN Bernard, CHATENAY Philippe and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. In 418/1027–28, Qom fell under the rule of Šahryuš from the Kakuyid dynasty and a few years later (1030–40) it became part of the Ghaznavid domain. Côté de la tombe de Fatima Masuma dans la ville sainte de Qom, en Iran Vista (22) | Galería de Arte Islámico y Fotografía 833, 841; Bosworth, 1968, pp. Mais les Britanniques et les Russes influèrent sur ce projet en mettant la pression sur Ahmad Chah Qadjar. 28, 73–74, Balāḏori, pp. [25][full citation needed] Some of these are mentioned by Qomi, who also names many more fire temples in the urban area of present Qom and its region, of which no archeological traces are left although the location of one fire temple can probably be equated with today's Masjed-e Emām in the city. [41] An administrative peculiarity of Qom was put to an end at about the same time, to wit the independent appointment of judges through the Arab inhabitants of Qom until the time of al-Moktafi, which, together with the dispatch of a joint Arab-Persian delegation to the vizier Ḥamid ibn Abbas indicate the end of the elevated position of the Arabs in Qom. The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, an 18-year-old Muslim Russian refugee of Chechen ethnicity, killed and beheaded Paty with a cleaver. The Daylamites brutally exploited the city through harsh taxes. Synonymes de "Ville sainte au Proche-Orient": Synonyme Nombre de lettres Definition; Hebron: 6 lettres: Autres synonymes possibles. Pendant le califat de Omar ibn al-Khattâb, la région de Qom tomba aux mains des armées de l'Islam. Kay Armin SERJOIE. Mausolée de Fatimah al-Ma‘sumah à Qom, en Iran. 52; Hakemi, pp. Conveniently located in the Lavender district, Harbour Ville Hotel Hamilton offers accommodation away from the hustle and bustle of Singapore’s city centre. 289, 332–33, 551, XI, p. 237; ʿAbd-al-Jalil Qazvini, pp. L'Organisation de l'héritage culturel d'Iran liste 195 sites historiques à Qom. 37-Bazar Ali Qapu em Isfahan Saba Qom FC O clérigo Moshen Rabbani concede entrevista em Qom Qom Qom est la deuxième ville sainte du pays. … Directly south of Qom lie the towns of Delijan, Mahallat, Naraq, Pardisan City, Kahak, and Jasb. Mais, avant de devenir la ville sainte ṣafawide, Qom était surtout renommée pour ses écoles théologiques et pour la nature turbulente de ses habitants (refus de payer l'impôt, conflit avec Ispahan, etc.). [58], In 1964–65, before his exile from Iran, the Ayatollah Khomeini led his opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty from Qom. 271, 743–45, Ebn Aʿṯam, I, p. 201, II, pp. La Ville Sainte de Qom ID: 46286 | Date: 2017/01/21. [citation needed], The city of Qom began another era of prosperity in the Qajar era. Après la révolution iranienne, il s'installe à Téhéran. Fatima, en route pour rendre visite à son frère l'imam Reza (huitième imam des Chiites), y meurt en effet en 816. 34–35, 37; Drechsler, pp. 102–04, 162, 196, 290, 388–89; Drechsler, pp. In the same year, Berun destroyed a big and probably still active fire temple located on the territory of the evolving city and probably opposite today's sanctuary of Fātimah bint Mūsā. L'architecture Islámica, l'intérieur du tombeau,Fatima Masuma,ville sainte,Qom, Iran L'architecture islamique. 1684–86; Drechsler, pp. The names of those involved have survived. The municipal central office is located on Saheli Street. 66–67; idem, 1985, pp. En 1503, Qom est devenue un important centre théologique du chiisme et un site de pèlerinage. Qom est la ville principale pour les études Religieuses en Iran depuis longtemps. Nokia is replacing China's Huawei, according to a source familiar with the matter. Reportage à Qom, ville sainte iranienne, où la modernité bouscule 'en surface' par Kay_Serjoie AFP. A highly differentiated tax administration existed and is known in great detail; 24 tax collectors (ʿommāl) are listed from 189/804–05 to 371/981–82 plus two jahabaḏa who acted as mediators after the attempt to enforce collective responsibility by the taxpayers had failed. [42], In 909 Hosayn ibn Hamdan ibn Hamdun was appointed governor of Qom and Kāšān by the caliph Al-Moqtader and had to assist the caliph's army against the Saffarids in Fars. La Ville Sainte de Qom ID: 46286 21/01/2017 Des quelques maisons louées ou acquises par l’ Imam Khomeini , la dernière durant sa période de résidence à Qom située dans le quartier "Yakhchal Qazi Qom" est célèbre comme lieu de visite pour tous. For other uses, see, Kleiss, 1973, p. 181; idem, 1981, pp. [7] Qom is also famous for a Persian brittle toffee known as sohan (Persian: سوهان), considered a souvenir of the city and sold by 2,000 to 2,500 "sohan" shops. Synonyme Nombre de lettres; Canonisation 12 lettres: NS 2 lettres: ND 2 lettres: Ste 3 lettres: Qom 3 lettres: Ise 3 lettres: Élu 3 lettres: Mer 3 lettres: Rome 4 … Qom must have expanded during this period, but precise reasons for its prosperity are not known. À l'heure actuelle, de nombreux hauts dignitaires religieux de classement de l'islam chiite à Qom vivent. At least ten madrasas are known by name. of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "No. SOUTHWEST MIDDLESEX - A budget meeting held Wednesday, 2 December 2020 saw council and staff inch closer to finalizing the 2021 budget. The soil is reported to have good quality and produced big quantities of food. Ayatollah Rouhollah Khomeini lors d'une visite officielle à Qom, en 1979, Iran. Southeast of Qom is the ancient city of Kashan. La ville connut des dommages pendant les invasions afghanes et encore pendant le règne de Nader Chah et les conflits entre les maisons Zand et Kadjar luttant pour le pouvoir en Iran. At present Hossein Vahid Khorasani heads Hawza 'Ilmiyya Qom. Les musulmans chiites croient l'Organisation islamique pour rédempteur, connu sous le nom Imam Mahdi, le douzième arrière petit-fils de l'Imam Ali, viendra sauver l'humanité avec Jésus (également connu comme Isa) un jour. Contained in galleries WINDSOR, Ont. À la fin du XIVe siècle, la ville fut mise à sac par Tamerlan et les habitants furent massacrés. 160–64, Ṭabari, III, p. 2284, tr., XXXVIII, pp. En 645, Abou Moussa al-Achari déploya des forces sous son commandement dans la région. 31, 101–02, 164, 213–14; Ebn Bābuya, II, p. 271; Modarresi Ṭabāṭabāʾi 1976, I, p. 18; Drechsler, pp. Object moved permanently -- see URI list Qom. 6 février 2019 à 5:07 AM. 89–90, 104–06, 125, 128, 133–34, 156, 163–64; Ebn al-Faqih, p. 247; Drechsler, pp. A central element was the early contact with the leading local Zoroastrian Persian noble Yazdanfadar. Qom (en persan: قم) est une ville sainte entre Téhéran et Ispahan. Please enter key search to display results. At the 2011 census its population was 1,074,036,[8] comprising 545,704 males and 528,332 females. 99–100, 105–06, 142–44, 164–65, 217–18; Ebn al-Aṯir, VIII, pp. Un vendeur iranien dans sa boutique de vêtements, dans la ville sainte de Qom, à 130 km au sud de la capitale Téhéran, le 15 janvier 2019 Their dating and function have instigated long and controversial debates and interpretations, for they have been interpreted and explained variously as the remains of a Sasanian temple, or of a Seleucid Dionysian temple, or of a Parthian complex. Proche de Téhéran, Qom en tire certains avantages[Lesquels ?]. [44], No outstanding events are reported for the relatively stable political period until 988–89, but Qom seems to have been isolated inside Persia because of its Shia creed. It is a regional centre for the distribution of petroleum and petroleum products, and a natural gas pipeline from Bandar Anzali and Tehran and a crude oil pipeline from Tehran run through Qom to the Abadan refinery on the Persian Gulf. [27], Tāriḵ-e Qom and some other sources also speak of genuine historical figures of the Sasanian epoch in connection with Qom and its region. Selon les responsables iraniens, l'uranium n'y sera enrichi qu'à hauteur de 5 %, mais l'installation permet un enrichissement à 90 % permettant la production d'armes nucléaires[25]. Vivre dans la ville sainte de Qom. Check out: Check-out time is 11:00 am.If you plan a later check out kindly let us know your departure time, we'll do our best to accommodate your needs. The modern Qom hawza was revitalized by Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi and Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi and is barely a century old. 40–46; 48–53, 244; Lambton, 1989, pp. 194–98, Qomi, pp. Yahya was killed by troops sent by the caliph and the citizens were severely punished; the taxes were raised from 2 million to 7 million dirhams. The system made the Ašʿaris the wealthiest inhabitants of Qom and stayed in place until 347/958–59 when they were expropriated by the Buyids, which consequently brought about a decline in the whole system of irrigation. In 893–94, at the latest, all extremists (ḡolāt) were driven out of town by the leading Shia shaikh of Qom, Aḥmad b. Moḥammed b. Isa Ashaari. Five bigger and eight smaller roads indicate good traffic connections, which were supported by at least three or maybe even nine city gates. 538, 542; Ḥamd-Allāh Mostawfi, 1919, pp. [34], As the Arabs required a great deal of pasture for their large herds of cattle and were much wealthier than the local Persians, they slowly started to buy land and take over more villages. 151–53, 155–56, 158–59; Drechsler, pp. Easy access from any stations in Asakusa, Especially it is very close to Sensoji Temple and Kaminarimon. Nokia said on Tuesday mobile operator Proximus Luxembourg has selected the Finnish telecom network equipment company for a seven-year deal to supply 5G coverage nationwide. of days with snow or sleet in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "Monthly total sunshine hours in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", Iran: Provinces and Cities population statistics, "Iran Reports Its First 2 Cases of the New Coronavirus", Russia 'regrets' reported Iran nuclear activity in Qom facility, "Iran enriching uranium at Fordo plant near Qom", "Did Santorum Suggest Iran Wants Nukes to Bring Back Messiah? 13–14 and pl. L’article intitulé Shahr-e moghaddas-e Qom dar gozar-e târikh (La ville sainte de Qom au cours de l’histoire), consulté sur le site Andisheh Qom rattaché au Howzeh Elmieh le 5 oct 2011 à l’adresse www.andisheqom.com. In taxation Qom always followed the solar calendar with its own local variation, starting from the death of the Sasanian Yazdegerd III. Substantial sums of money in the form of alms and Islamic taxes flow into Qom to the ten Marja'-e taqlid or "Source to be Followed" that reside there. [22] Qomi names Parthian personalities as founders of villages in the Qom area. The most stable period seem to have been the 14 years (513–27/1119–33) when Qom lay in Sanjar's sphere of power and witnessed the construction of a second Friday mosque. 228–31, Ebn al-Aṯir, XII, p. 419; Rašid al-Din Fażl-Allāh, 1957, p. 63; Jovayni, pp. The Seljuki did not occupy Qom at once but left the town and Jebāl in Kakuyid hands for ten years. The municipal board is periodically elected by the city's residents. The current mayor of Qom is Mohammad Delbari. Durant l'invasion Mongole de la Perse, la ville connut une destruction importante, mais après que la dynastie mongole régnante, aussi connue sous le nom Ilkhanat, se fut convertie à l'Islam pendant le règne de Oldjaïtou (en persan : Muhammed Kharbenach) la ville reçut une attention spéciale, lui permettant de revivre une fois de plus. The agricultural situation is described as flourishing with a variety of cultivated plants and a good supply of water, and legends indicate the use of deposits of mineral resources. 164–66, Qomi, pp. Ayatollah Khomeini dans la ville sainte de Qom le 29 mars 1979, en Iran. 33, 132; Ṭusi, pp. Photo MOHAMMAD ALI MARIZAD / AFP / Getty Images. The recently published results of the excavations carried out in 1955 by Iranian archeologists have, however, revived the old thesis of a Seleucid religious building. These Alids descended from the Imams and were supported by pensions. [54], The following epochs of the Eldiguzids and Khawrazmshahs lasted for almost 30 years and brought different systems of rule in quick succession. 17, 35–36, 149–53, 225, 229; Drechsler, pp. Qom has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh border on BWk) with low annual rainfall due to remoteness from the sea and being situated in the vicinity of the subtropical anticyclone aloft. 146–48, Ṭabari, III, p. 2024, tr. Située à 150 km au sud-ouest de Téhéran, c'est la capitale de la Province de Qom. By 1503, Qom became one of the important centers of theology in relation to Shia Islam, and became a significant religious pilgrimage site and pivot. Khaosan Tokyo Kabuki is a cozy hostel in the middle of Asakusa . [64], Qom space center is one of the two places where the Iranian Space Agency is launching its suborbital Shahab-3 ballistic missiles, the other being the Emamshahr space center. Qom's proximity to Tehran has allowed the clerical establishment easy access to monitor the affairs and decisions of state. 35, 157–58, 163, 215; Najāši, pp. Um dos lugares mais religiosos do Irão. The Minarets Of Risbaf Historical Factory, Astaneh Moqaddaseh Museum (Qom Central Museum), The University Of Religions & Denominations, Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 05:49. qum silk carpet Au jour d’aujourd’hui, la ville compte bien 52 écoles de théologie, enveloppées d’une aura à la fois séraphique et martiale. En mitraillant les manifestants, l’armée donne ses premiers martyrs à l’insurrection[2]. A Qom, ville sainte iranienne, la modernité bouscule "en surface" Lire l'article complet. À l'époque des Seldjoukides, la cité fleurit de nouveau. Get this from a library! Information exists concerning taxes for the post-Mongolian period. 69–74, Qomi, pp. 422–33; Mostawfi, pp. The production of chairs, textiles, and saddle equipment indicates craftsmanship. Under Seljuk rule a considerable number of religious buildings were erected. The surrounding area to the east of Qom is populated by Tafresh, Saveh, and Ashtian and Jafarieh. [51], The city's taxation has to be distinguished between the more proper rule of the Abbasid tax bureaucracy and the time of the Deylamid warlords where rules were bent arbitrarily. Sultans reportedly visited the sanctuary (although no specific sultan is mentioned by name) and in general no religiously motivated punitive action against Qom is known to have taken place. La ville de Qom connut de nouveau la prospérité à l'époque Qajar. Most of the seminaries teach their students modern social sciences and Western thought as well as traditional religious studies. Qom, the capital of Qom province, is located 125 kilometers south of Tehran, on a low plain. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 25 octobre 2020 à 09:30. Conseils d'experts pour visiter Qom en Iran , préparez au mieux votre séjour ! EN DIRECT - Les derniers articles en temps réel >> Newsletter. Syntax; Advanced Search; New. Finally in 1793 Qom came under the control of Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar. [12][13] Another very popular religious site of pilgrimage formerly outside the city of Qom but now more of a suburb is called Jamkaran. 28, 40–41; Lambton, 1969, pp. The murder of Samuel Paty (French pronunciation: [samɥɛl pati]), a French middle-school teacher, took place on 16 October 2020 in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, a suburb of Paris.Paty was killed and beheaded by an Islamist terrorist.. ʿAbd-Allāh b. Saʿd and Aḥwaṣ b. Saʿd were grandsons of Abi Musa's nephew and led the group of Ashaaries that emigrated from Kufa to the region of Qom. The role of Qom and Hazrat Ma'sumah's court in the appearance of Islamic republic, "Highest record temperature in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "Lowest record temperature in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "Average Maximum temperature in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "Average Mean Daily temperature in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "Average Minimum temperature in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "Monthly Total Precipitation in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "Average relative humidity in Ghom by Month 1986–2010", "No. The present town of Qom in Central Iran dates back to ancient times. The rigidly Sunni Seljuks seem to have practiced a pragmatic policy and one of the main sources of this time (ʿAbd-al-Jalil Qazvini) speaks of good relations between the famous vizier Nizam al-Mulk and Seljuk sultans on the one hand, and members of the local nobility on the other. 42, 75–76, 93; Najāši, p. 276; Biruni, p. 228; Ebn Saʿd, VII, p. 382; Samʿāni, X, p. 486; Modarresi Ṭabāṭabāʾi, 1971, pp. [4] Qom is the capital of Qom Province. 197–98; Drechsler, pp. Nov 18, 2018 - Explore jool's board "Qom" on Pinterest. Its pre-Islamic history can be partially documented, although the earlier epochs remain unclear. 78–91, Qomi, pp. Summer weather is very hot and essentially rainless, whilst in winter weather can vary from warm to – when Siberian air masses are driven south across the Elburz Mountains by blocking over Europe – frigid. — The mayor of Windsor, Ont., has apologized for breaking COVID-19 rules when dining out with seven other people last week. 121–25; 136–37; Drechsler, pp. The majority of these non-Muslims were Zoroastrians, who made their living mostly as farmers. But in 833 Ali returned to the post of governor (wali) and forcefully collected tax debts that were laid upon him by the caliph. [56], In the late 14th century, the city was plundered by Tamerlane and the inhabitants were massacred. 109–10, 217–18; Drechsler, pp. Qom is a focal center of the Shiʿah. Many Grand Ayatollahs possess offices in both Tehran and Qom; many people simply commute between the two cities as they are only 156 kilometres or 97 miles apart. Qom est une des villes saintes du chiisme, puisque c'est le site où est enterrée Hazrat Fatimah Ma'soumeh, sœur de Ali ar-Rida (en persan Imam Reza, 789-816). Nokia had in October won contracts from Orange and Proximus to build 5G radio networks in Belgium after they dropped Huawei … Jews must have lived in Qom as well, but information on them is scant. The area remained largely untouched for 60 years after the initial conquest and was probably administered from Isfahan. Ponts routiers et tours d'immeubles ont fleuri. [37], The move of a Hadith transmitter from Kufa to Qom, which took place probably in the middle of the 9th century, indicates the increased importance of Qom as a center of Shia learning. Mayor Drew Dilkens made a statement to Windsor city council on Monday, saying he made an "unfortunate error" that should not have occurred.Windsor was in the yellow tier of Ontario's COVID-19 restrictions system last week. [24] The wider surroundings of Qom also contain numerous traces from palaces, religious, military and administrative buildings. [32], The first permanent settlement of Arab settlers in Qom took place during the revolts of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and Moṭarref b. Moḡira b. Šaʿba in 66–77/685–96, when small groups of refugees moved there and Qom itself was affected by the fighting between the Umayyad state power and the rebels[33], The decisive step for the later urban development of Qom occurred when a group of Ashaari Arabs came to the area.