Although Aspasia was acquitted thanks to a rare emotional outburst of Pericles, his friend, Phidias, died in prison and another friend of his, Anaxagoras, was attacked by the ecclesia for his religious beliefs. Übersetzen Sie alle Bewertungen auf Deutsch, Lieferung verfolgen oder Bestellung anzeigen, Recycling (einschließlich Entsorgung von Elektro- & Elektronikaltgeräten). [3][4] He, along with several members of his family, succumbed to the Plague of Athens in 429 BC, which weakened the city-state during a protracted conflict with Sparta. ISBN. Bewertung. Pericles held the generalship from 444 BC until 430 BC without interruption. Périclès : L'apogée d'Athènes on Amazon.com.au. Nevertheless, within just a year, in 429 BC, the Athenians not only forgave Pericles but also re-elected him as strategos. [45], Complicating the account of this period is the issue of the Peace of Callias, which allegedly ended hostilities between the Greeks and the Persians. Sa vie Merci de m'avoir écouter. This pack includes . Some of his strongest arguments included in the Introduction of the speech, (Thuc.11.35). Leider ist ein Problem beim Speichern Ihrer Cookie-Einstellungen aufgetreten. [172] Pericles and his "expansionary" policies have been at the center of arguments promoting democracy in oppressed countries. The print version of this textbook is ISBN: 9791032100714, . [77][78][79][80] The accusations against her were probably nothing more than unproven slanders, but the whole experience was very bitter for Pericles. Some contemporary scholars call Pericles a populist, a demagogue and a hawk,[123] while other scholars admire his charismatic leadership. Histoire Du Siècle de Périclès, Vol. Use up arrow (for mozilla firefox browser alt+up arrow) and down arrow (for mozilla firefox browser alt+down arrow) to review and enter to select. [159] Gomme rejects Kakridis's position, defending the fact that "Nobody of men has ever been so conscious of envy and its workings as the Greeks, and that the Greeks and Thucydides in particular had a passion for covering all ground in their generalizations, not always relevantly. Constantine Paparrigopoulos, a major modern Greek historian, argues that Pericles sought for the expansion and stabilization of all democratic institutions. Although Pericles was a main source of his inspiration, some historians have noted that the passionate and idealistic literary style of the speeches Thucydides attributes to Pericles is completely at odds with Thucydides' own cold and analytical writing style. [94] Another consideration that may well have influenced Pericles' stance was the concern that revolts in the empire might spread if Athens showed itself weak. In 454 BC he attacked Sicyon and Acarnania. Thucydides initially managed to incite the passions of the ecclesia regarding these charges in his favor. J. les grecs et la politique - Lycée de Font. Pericles' mother, Agariste, was a member of the powerful and controversial noble family of the Alcmaeonidae, and her familial connections played a crucial role in helping start Xanthippus' political career. The Ecclesia (the Athenian Assembly) adopted Ephialtes' proposal without opposition. [δ] Without opposition after the expulsion of Cimon, the unchallengeable leader of the democratic party became the unchallengeable ruler of Athens. Geben Sie es weiter, tauschen Sie es ein, © 1998-2020, Amazon.com, Inc. oder Tochtergesellschaften. Januar 2015. [69] In response, Pericles passed a decree dispatching an expedition to Samos, "alleging against its people that, although they were ordered to break off their war against the Milesians, they were not complying". [70], After Pericles divorced his wife, he had a long-term relationship with Aspasia of Miletus, with whom he had a son, Pericles the Younger. [14][16], Pericles' manner of thought and rhetorical charisma may have possibly been in part products of Anaxagoras' emphasis on emotional calm in the face of trouble, and skepticism about divine phenomena. [23] Although Cimon was acquitted, this confrontation proved that Pericles' major political opponent was vulnerable. Pericles promoted the arts and literature, and it is principally through his efforts that Athens acquired the reputation of being the educational and cultural center of the ancient Greek world. His achievements included the construction of the Acropolis, begun in 447. Périclès Le Savant Nonti is on Facebook. [56] When Pericles was later audited for the handling of public money, an expenditure of 10 talents was not sufficiently justified, since the official documents just referred that the money was spent for a "very serious purpose". [ζ] Thucydides hints at the same thing, believing the reason for the war was Sparta's fear of Athenian power and growth. Lv 7. vor 1 Jahrzehnt. This project beautified and protected the city, exhibited its glory and gave work to its people. 1 (Classic Reprint) (French Edition) Author . Auto Suggestions are available once you type at least 3 letters. [168], To analyze Pericles's relations with gods, one has to position oneself at the intersection of the general and the particular, where what was personal and what was shared by the whole community came together. 2018. [1] His judgement is not unquestioned; some 20th-century critics, such as Malcolm F. McGregor and John S. Morrison, proposed that he may have been a charismatic public face acting as an advocate on the proposals of advisors, or the people themselves. Forgotten Books. He also avoided convening the ecclesia, fearing that the populace, outraged by the unopposed ravaging of their farms, might rashly decide to challenge the vaunted Spartan army in the field. According to Platias and Koliopoulos, the "policy mix" of Pericles was guided by five principles: a. According to Plutarch, it was thought that Pericles proceeded against the Samians to gratify Aspasia of Miletus. [119] His sister and both his legitimate sons, Xanthippus and Paralus, died during an epidemic of plague. However, as he is generally regarded as an admirer of Pericles, Thucydides has been criticized for bias against Sparta. For example, he would often avoid banquets, trying to be frugal. Ce livre est très bien fait et présente tous les aspects majeurs du Personnage de Périclès: vie personnelle, vie politique, ses origines, intelligence politique, éducation. [46] Ernst Badian believes that a peace between Athens and Persia was first ratified in 463 BC (making the Athenian interventions in Egypt and Cyprus violations of the peace), and renegotiated at the conclusion of the campaign in Cyprus, taking force again by 449–448 BC. [36], In the mid-450s the Athenians launched an unsuccessful attempt to aid an Egyptian revolt against Persia, which led to a prolonged siege of a Persian fortress in the Nile Delta. He learned music from the masters of the time (Damon or Pythocleides could have been his teacher)[14][15] and he is considered to have been the first politician to attribute importance to philosophy. Ioannis Kakridis and Arnold Gomme were two scholars who debated the originality of Pericles' oratory and last speech. [ο] This might, however, be the result of the incorporation of the genre of rhetoric into the genre of historiography. 75 likes. [35] After all, Cimon finally accepted the new democracy and did not oppose the citizenship law, after he returned from exile in 451 BC.[36]. Incest, treachery, murder, love, joy all explode in this giant theatrical firework. Périclès. During the autumn of 431 BC, Pericles led the Athenian forces that invaded Megara and a few months later (winter of 431–430 BC) he delivered his monumental and emotional Funeral Oration, honoring the Athenians who died for their city.[105]. La Grandeur de l'homme au siècle de Périclès by Jacqueline de Romilly and Publisher Editions de Fallois. Pendant les quinze années où il est le principal dirigeant d'Athènes, il veut en faire la capitale. Ce forum permet de créer des contacts professionnels et amicaux entre collègues, et d'échanger sur le monde de l'éducation et la pédagogie. Wählen Sie die Kategorie aus, in der Sie suchen möchten. [18] Simon Hornblower has argued that Pericles' selection of this play, which presents a nostalgic picture of Themistocles' famous victory at Salamis, shows that the young politician was supporting Themistocles against his political opponent Cimon, whose faction succeeded in having Themistocles ostracized shortly afterwards. Publication Date. [43] In 451–450 BC the Athenians sent troops to Cyprus. Devenu adulte, il s'entoure de penseurs et d'artistes. [113] This is considered to be a monumental oration, revealing Pericles' virtues but also his bitterness towards his compatriots' ingratitude. By purchasing books through this website, you support our non-profit organization. Pericles crossed over to Euboea with his troops, but was forced to return when the Spartan army invaded Attica. Lv 7. vor 1 Jahrzehnt. But then, there were also relations that emphasized distance: some philosophical accounts presented him as a man close to the sophists or even as a freethinker. Wählen Sie einen anderen Lieferort. The accusation was that Cimon betrayed his city by aiding Sparta. According to the most stringent provision of the decree, even proposing a different use of the money or ships would entail the penalty of death. In 447 BC the oligarchs of Thebes conspired against the democratic faction. Pericles is said to have initiated both expeditions in Egypt and Cyprus,[44] although some researchers, such as Karl Julius Beloch, argue that the dispatch of such a great fleet conforms with the spirit of Cimon's policy. Pericles, prince of Tyre [by William Shakespeare. Finally, Pericles proposed to reimburse the city for all questionable expenses from his private property, with the proviso that he would make the inscriptions of dedication in his own name. Hatred and unpopularity at the moment have fallen to the lot of all who have aspired to rule others. Projekttitel. In 430 BC, the army of Sparta looted Attica for a second time, but Pericles was not daunted and refused to revise his initial strategy. Paparrigopoulos, Konstantinos (Karolidis, Pavlos) (1925), This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 16:32. [132], During the Peloponnesian War, Pericles initiated a defensive "grand strategy" whose aim was the exhaustion of the enemy and the preservation of the status quo. These glories may incur the censure of the slow and unambitious; but in the breast of energy they will awake emulation, and in those who must remain without them an envious regret. For more than 20 years Pericles led many expeditions, mainly naval ones. "[159], Kagan states that Pericles adopted "an elevated mode of speech, free from the vulgar and knavish tricks of mob-orators" and, according to Diodorus Siculus, he "excelled all his fellow citizens in skill of oratory". International theatre director Declan Donnellan discusses his new Franco-British production of Périclès, Prince de Tyr, performing at the Barbican (6 – 21 April). [61] Either because of a genuine fear for its safety after the defeat in Egypt and the revolts of the allies, or as a pretext to gain control of the League's finances, Athens transferred the treasury of the alliance from Delos to Athens in 454–453 BC. Within this context, participation in the rituals was an action highly political in the broadest sense of the term. Naissance vers 495 [159] The two groups addressed were the ones who were prepared to believe him when he praised the dead, and the ones who did not. [9] His proverbial calmness and self-control are also often regarded as products of Anaxagoras' influence. 2013628811. [13] Temporarily, he managed to tame the people's resentment and to ride out the storm, but his internal enemies' final bid to undermine him came off; they managed to deprive him of the generalship and to fine him at an amount estimated between 15 and 50 talents. He was certain that democracy had reached its peak and Pericles' reforms were leading to the stalemate of populism. Publisher. [110] The exact identity of the disease is uncertain; typhus or typhoid fever are suspected, but this has been the source of much debate. Agariste was the great-granddaughter of the tyrant of Sicyon, Cleisthenes, and the niece of the Athenian reformer Cleisthenes. The Pericles 2020 programme funds staff exchanges, seminars, trainings and studies for law enforcement and judicial authorities, banks and others involved in combating euro-counterfeiting. Périclès navigates a stormy sea of pirates, magicians, brothels, kidnappers, tournaments, plots against his life… and divine intervention from the Goddess Diana. Includes bibliographical references (pages 255-265) and indexes. Le Jardin de Périclès Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (French, 1796 - 1875) 12 × 17.3 cm (4 3/4 × 6 13/16 in.) [24], Around 461 BC, the leadership of the democratic party decided it was time to take aim at the Areopagus, a traditional council controlled by the Athenian aristocracy, which had once been the most powerful body in the state. Anaxagoras, in particular, became a close friend and influenced him greatly. [73] Pericles focused also on internal projects, such as the fortification of Athens (the building of the "middle wall" about 440 BC), and on the creation of new cleruchies, such as Andros, Naxos and Thurii (444 BC) as well as Amphipolis (437–436 BC).[74]. Title. est-ce Périclès qui a inventé l'alcool de menthe? [107] Unwilling to engage the Spartan army in battle, he again led a naval expedition to plunder the coasts of the Peloponnese, this time taking 100 Athenian ships with him. Beste Antwort. According to Vlachos, Thucydides must have been about 30 years old when Pericles delivered his Funeral Oration and he was probably among the audience. Pierre Brulé s'attache à décrire cette relation de l'individu à la cité et de la cité à l'individu, d'Athènes à Périclès, à travers guerres et paix, dans ce Vᵉ siècle av. Rather, the admiration of the present and succeeding ages will be ours, since we have not left our power without witness, but have shown it by mighty proofs; and far from needing a Homer for our panegyrist, or other of his craft whose verses might charm for the moment only for the impression which they gave to melt at the touch of fact, we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring, and everywhere, whether for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us. Histoire de l'art grec avant Périclès (French Edition) Author. Es liegen 0 Rezensionen und 0 Bewertungen aus Deutschland vor, Entdecken Sie jetzt alle Amazon Prime-Vorteile. 12 Antworten. [12], Pericles belonged to the tribe of Acamantis (Ἀκαμαντὶς φυλή). This deputation was not allowed to enter Athens, as Pericles had already passed a resolution according to which no Spartan deputation would be welcomed if the Spartans had previously initiated any hostile military actions. [139], In politics, Victor L. Ehrenberg argues that a basic element of Pericles' legacy is Athenian imperialism, which denies true democracy and freedom to the people of all but the ruling state. [60], The final steps in the shift to empire may have been triggered by Athens' defeat in Egypt, which challenged the city's dominance in the Aegean and led to the revolt of several allies, such as Miletus and Erythrae. [8][11] Although Plutarch claims that this deformity was the reason that Pericles was always depicted wearing a helmet, this is not the case; the helmet was actually the symbol of his official rank as strategos (general). September 1991. The residents of Histiaea, meanwhile, who had butchered the crew of an Athenian trireme, were uprooted and replaced by 2,000 Athenian settlers. It was an established Athenian practice by the late 5th century BC to hold a public funeral in honour of all those who had died in war. plus shipping $32.98. free shipping worldwide. [108] According to Plutarch, just before the sailing of the ships an eclipse of the sun frightened the crews, but Pericles used the astronomical knowledge he had acquired from Anaxagoras to calm them. Pericles (/ˈpɛrɪkliːz/; Attic Greek: Περικλῆς Periklēs, pronounced [pe.ri.klɛ̂ːs] in Classical Attic; c. 495 – 429 BC) was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during its golden age, specifically the time between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars. [75] Just before the eruption of the Peloponnesian War, Pericles and two of his closest associates, Phidias and his companion, Aspasia, faced a series of personal and judicial attacks. [101], In any case, seeing the pillage of their farms, the Athenians were outraged, and they soon began to indirectly express their discontent towards their leader, who many of them considered to have drawn them into the war. The Pericles 2020 pro… [ε], In a naval battle the Athenians led by Pericles and nine other generals defeated the forces of Samos and imposed on the island an Athenian administration. [31], According to Samons, Pericles believed that it was necessary to raise the demos, in which he saw an untapped source of Athenian power and the crucial element of Athenian military dominance. [102] As meetings of the assembly were called at the discretion of its rotating presidents, the "prytanies", Pericles had no formal control over their scheduling; rather, the respect in which Pericles was held by the prytanies was apparently sufficient to persuade them to do as he wished. Paparrigopoulos maintains that an unprecedented regression descended upon the city, whose glory perished as a result of Pericles' populist policies. Pericles and his friends were never immune from attack, as preeminence in democratic Athens was not equivalent to absolute rule. [13], The causes of the Peloponnesian War have been much debated, but many ancient historians lay the blame on Pericles and Athens. Périclès a marqué toute une époque et a inspiré des jugements contradictoires sur ses décisions importantes. [96], In 431 BC, while peace already was precarious, Archidamus II, Sparta's king, sent a new delegation to Athens, demanding that the Athenians submit to Sparta's demands. For most, the move meant abandoning their land and ancestral shrines and completely changing their lifestyle. [150], Ancient Greek writers call Pericles "Olympian" and extol his talents; referring to him "thundering and lightning and exciting Greece" and carrying the weapons of Zeus when orating. Sie hören eine Hörprobe des Audible Hörbuch-Downloads. Stattdessen betrachtet unser System Faktoren wie die Aktualität einer Rezension und ob der Rezensent den Artikel bei Amazon gekauft hat. Vlachos criticizes the historian for this omission and maintains that Thucydides' admiration for the Athenian statesman makes him ignore not only the well-grounded accusations against him but also the mere gossips, namely the allegation that Pericles had corrupted the volatile rabble, so as to assert himself. [6] The leader of the party and mentor of Pericles, Ephialtes, proposed a reduction of the Areopagus' powers. The obvious purpose of these proposals was the instigation of a confrontation between Pericles and the people; this event, indeed, would come about a few years later. [30], According to another historian, Justin Daniel King, radical democracy benefited people individually, but harmed the state. [22] He first proposed a decree that permitted the poor to watch theatrical plays without paying, with the state covering the cost of their admission. [118] Nonetheless, objections did not undermine Pericles' morale, although he burst into tears to protect Aspasia when she was accused of corrupting Athenian society. [148], Modern commentators of Thucydides, with other modern historians and writers, take varying stances on the issue of how much of the speeches of Pericles, as given by this historian, do actually represent Pericles' own words and how much of them is free literary creation or paraphrase by Thucydides. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut. [144] It is a popular conclusion that those succeeding him lacked his abilities and character. In-8°, XLII-211 p., figure. Drame en 5 actes en prose et en vers composé et représenté en 1608. These were relations of proximity in the first place: he was sometimes depicted as a protégé of goddess Athena, but in Attic comedies he was also assimilated to god Zeus, in an analogy that was in no way flattering. Pendant les quinze années où il est le principal dirigeant d'Athènes, il veut en faire la capitale intellectuelle et artistique de la Grèce. Wir verwenden Cookies und ähnliche Tools, um Ihr Einkaufserlebnis zu verbessern, um unsere Dienste anzubieten, um zu verstehen, wie die Kunden unsere Dienste nutzen, damit wir Verbesserungen vornehmen können, und um Werbung anzuzeigen. [169], On the other hand, the ancient sources made it possible to glimpse the personal relations that Pericles had developed with gods. [38] If it was actually made, this bargain would constitute a concession on Pericles' part that he was not a great strategist. [98], No definite record exists of how exactly Pericles managed to convince the residents of Attica to agree to move into the crowded urban areas. [159] Kakridis proposes that it is impossible to imagine Pericles deviating away from the expected funeral orator addressing the mourning audience of 430 after the Peloponnesian war. 1. Plutarch describes these allegations without espousing them. In 440 BC Samos went to war against Miletus over control of Priene, an ancient city of Ionia on the foot-hills of Mycale. Ο Chiron ! [58] His stance was greeted with applause, and Thucydides was soundly, if unexpectedly, defeated. He himself died of the plague later in the year. Pericles was born c. 495 BC, in Athens, Greece. [34] In contrast, Donald Kagan asserts that the democratic measures Pericles put into effect provided the basis for an unassailable political strength. [71] Pericles then quelled a revolt in Byzantium and, when he returned to Athens, gave a funeral oration to honor the soldiers who died in the expedition. [2] Pericles also fostered Athenian democracy to such an extent that critics call him a populist. That is to say, Thucydides could simply have used two different writing styles for two different purposes. Although Thucydides mentions the fining of Pericles, he does not mention the accusations against Pericles but instead focuses on Pericles' integrity.